How to Draw Cylinders and Ellipses
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How to Draw Cylinders and Ellipses
courseDrawing BasicsFull course (182 lessons)
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Johannes S.
If you are like me and the major axis gives you major headaches: don't worry. Scott Robertson in his book describes how the minor axis is key to place the ellipse successfully in perspective. Nevertheless: I made a little animation to make it easier to observe what is happening with the major axis. You can watch it here: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/R4XWJ1ct1gI
LESSON NOTES

Learn how to draw cylinders in perspective and how boxes can help us draw them more accurately. Do you know the difference between ovals and ellipses? Does a circle need to be “foreshortened” when it's tilted? 

If you enjoy this lesson make sure to check out the Drawing Basics course where you’ll get all the fundamental concepts you need to start drawing from reference and from imagination! 

Related Links:
One-Point Perspective
Two-Point Perspective

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COMMENTS
Stan Prokopenko
It’s finally time to move on from boxes…well kind of. In this lesson we learn about ellipses, how to draw cylinders in perspective and how boxes can help us draw them more accurately.
Robert
2yr
@stan Question: When you drew the cylinder in a box, is the box isometric? or is it 3 point perspective?
Zach Pipher
I'm watching it again after practicing. I've watched this a few times. So the major axis always splits the ellipse in half, right down the middle? So I could think of it that way when I am trying to place the major axis in the box.
Zach Pipher
how do you draw these ellipses in 2 point perspective? I'm having a hard time visualizing how do that the ellipses into a cylinder when the box only has two vanishing points. Or rather if you cant see the top plane or the bottom plane.
Zach Pipher
Do we just eye ball the major axis? Or is there a way to be able to tell where it is supposed to be like how we discover the minor axis?
@danaedg
2yr
It should be perpendicular to the minor axis. So if we consider the minor axis our horizontal, the major axis will be perfectly vertical in relation to that horizontal. And yes, I think it always splits the ellipse in half in the 3D sense, but since it's a 2D drawing it seems like you have to guess where half would be?
Dermot
2yr
I was thinking again after watching the introduction to the ellipse. Although an ellipse is used to draw the circle in perspective. A circle in perspective is really an oval because the circle and circle in perspective use the same centre, meaning the nearer half is larger than the further away half, which would be smaller, and would not pass the fold test. Any advise would be appreciated to confirm this thought. Thanks
Aura
11mo
Yes, except I think the nearer half will be smaller than the far away half for some ungodly reason.
Margaret Langston
Here's my 10? 12? attempt at the cylinder in a cube with ellipses, ground out with many messy lines that just get thicker and thicker. I'm still working on my girltruck that spews out clean air, is covered with leaves and flowers, and emits drugs that make everyone in the world peaceful.
Margaret Langston
Big Q on timestamp 7:18 and lesson note: "The minor axis is at the same angle as the receding lines of the box and crosses the center point." Is this the same as saying: "The minor axis must to to the vanishing point?"
Steven Wolf
I would say yes. That's how I understand it. The minor axis goes from that center point of the box / ellipse back to, and out from, the same vanishing point of the side of the box that is connecting both of those ellipses together to form a wheel, or a cylinder.
@sniggy
2yr
Guys... I give up.... I am not even able to draw the ellipse correctly inside/within (??) the square. And the second ellipse does not change in perspective... ?!?!
Margaret Langston
Dear Sniggy: Don't give up. This exercise is doable but I'm finding it requires many attempts and I'm not having much fun. "Intuitive" and "exact" are two different animals.
AJ Wolf
2yr
Have you looked at @Johannes Schiehsl ‘s post below? Just the still in their post alone was enough to break my problem down, but their video is awesome, as well.
Wolfgang H.G. FELFERNIG
Very interesting and very useful lesson !! Thank you !!
Johannes S.
If you are like me and the major axis gives you major headaches: don't worry. Scott Robertson in his book describes how the minor axis is key to place the ellipse successfully in perspective. Nevertheless: I made a little animation to make it easier to observe what is happening with the major axis. You can watch it here: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/R4XWJ1ct1gI
Zach Pipher
So it kind of seems like the major axis never gets past the mid point between the minor axis and the bottom of the ellipse before it foreshortens into a strait line.
AJ Wolf
2yr
This helped me *so* much! Thank you!!!!
Juice
2yr
Good animation 👍🏼 thanks
Scott
2yr
Once again my brain hurts. I tend to feel irritated when trying to get accurate proportions. But only perspective (so far) hurts my brain. In trying to duplicate the lesson the biggest challenge I found was drawing a "square" in perspective because as far as I know you just have to guess (or feel it or whatever).
Maria Bygrove
There is a way of drawing a square in perspective by using geometric projection but I guess it only makes sense for technical or architectural drawing. For art, eyeballing it probably makes more sense. But if you're curious, here's a description of how to do it technically: https://architecturerevived.com/how-to-draw-a-perfect-cube-in-perspective/
Rachel Dawn Owens
These look nice. Perspective is a concept that doesn’t come naturally to most. This is an extra tricky shape because the sides are so narrow. I opened it up a little to illustrate which lines should go towards which perspective point. Hope this helps. Your cylinders look great! Keep it up!
loes roos
2yr
I never before learnt before about this weird way that the long axis does not need to be in the middel and that the short ellipse axis goes parallel to the vanishing point... very cool!!! But it does work... I will need to experiment with that! And that only with a perfect circle both axes are through the center and are equal... very interesting!
J B
2yr
I'm still completely lost with that bit and didn't understand it at all unfortunately :(
Dermot
2yr
Thanks for the Cylinder and Ellipses tutorial. I realise the explanation is eyeballing ellipses and not precision. I've watched it several times, but miss the point how you established the Major Axis and it's offset from the centre. When I look at the completed drawing, I'm left uncertain of the Major Axis reference points, which when joined define the Major axis.
@drawingdodo
That's the key part I'm having difficulties with! Hope Stan covers this a bit more in the critique section!
zan
2yr
yeah, I left unsure of this as well. I see that the major Axis is perpendicular to the minor, but that gives you a whole line to set it along - how do you decide the placement?
Vue Thao
2yr
This video explains both major and minor axes perfectly clear. I read Scott Robertson's book on perspective as well, but his explanation was pretty confusing to understand.
Dermot
2yr
Edit Since posting I've reviewed Marshalls 1994 lecture and I found it clearer. He builds his explanation from the ground up, starting with the circle. I still have to put it all into lots of practice though as I can see ellipses everywhere now and less circles ! Oh no ... and cylinders and Spheres !
Lenserd martell
My problem was solved. thank you
Dennis Yeary
This will help me with my body drawings. though is their a eta on that perspective course?
Jay Nightshade
This is perfect. I was just looking for content on this topic yesterday. Thank you for posting this. It's answering a lot of the questions I had.
@azen
2yr
Are you sure the minor axis always aligns with the cylinder axle and goes through the 3D center? I've heard that before and thought it was weird, but when I looked it up, it sounded like it was an approximation that's only completely true when the axis/axle intersects the "center of vision". Since people generally put their focal point/center of vision directly on what they're looking at, in real life it will probably always seem true. Same for if you're specifically calling this out in a demonstration, you'll probably put the circle/ellipse near the center of the camera's view. But if you have a cylinder closer to the edge and tilted, I believe they can get misaligned, even without lensing effects. I originally learned some of this from Marshall's 1994 perspective series. Near the end of one part, in what I think was a Q&A, he mentions the minor axis doesn't always go through the center either, but it's "so close". Another source was the "Vanishing Point: Perspective for Comics" book, which says making the minor axis parallel to the axle is usually a good enough approximation, and much easier. So it's not usually important, but maybe it is if you're practicing drawing a bunch of arbitrary cylinders at various angles. It confused me for a while.
Izak van Langevelde
It is a rule of thumb, an approximation, but is is not mathematically correct. As long as you stay away from extreme angles, you will get away with it.
Conrado "Croc" Ramos Rezende
Thank you for this lesson! I'll try to construct some cylinders, but boy, this thing about the "farthest" elipse being "fatter" than the front elipse... it feels so weird to me (don't know why tho). Gonna try to construct some before the next project.
Gannon Beck
I'm very excited that this lesson is on Proko. Knowing how to draw cylinders well is a powerful tool because the knowledge of it can be used to solve many, many drawing problems. Moreover, most art instruction takes this specific lesson for granted. As a result, students have a hard time pulling off a drawing that requires cylindrical thinking, and walk away from other classes or books thinking they're not "talented" when in reality, they just needed the proper prerequisite lesson. Master this, and nearly every other art education tool becomes instantly more useful. I couldn't be more impressed with this course.
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