Check out the premium course for additional lessons, demos, assignments and critiques!
If you want to draw in perspective with perfect accuracy, transforming flat silhouettes into 3D views, this step-by-step process will guide you through the technique. By practicing this skill, you'll understand how perspective works and how to draw complex objects accurately.
Preparing to Draw Complex Objects in Perspective
Planning Your Object
Let's tackle a more complex object than a simple box. Start by sketching rough drawings of your object from the front, top, side, and even three-quarter views. These sketches don't need to be precise, they're just to help you plan.
Using Diagonals to Keep Proportions Consistent
We'll use a square within a square by employing diagonals, a trick to keep proportions consistent. Diagonals are a great solution for perspective problems. In this method, we're focusing on the detailed, slow solution of projecting a plan, which will help you understand the fundamentals.
Projecting the Plan into Perspective
Setting Up the Viewer and Picture Plane
Place your object in a planned position. You can choose any position you like. To keep things clean, use vellum or trace over your initial sketches.
Draw your picture plane line along the edge of the object that touches the picture plane, leaving it unforeshortened. Extend this line to find where your vanishing points will be if they're distant.
Position your viewer at a chosen point, let's say somewhere close to the object. The center of vision will aim right at the object. You can shift it left or right to change your view, but keeping it near the center helps avoid distortion.
Determining Vanishing Points
From the viewer's position, draw lines to each corner of your object plan. These lines will intersect the picture plane at specific points. These intersections are crucial, they represent where the object's corners will project in your perspective drawing.
For lines that move away to the left and right, establish vanishing points by extending lines from the viewer in those directions. These vanishing points correspond to the object's left and right edges in perspective.
Constructing the Ground Plane
Projecting Corners onto the Ground Plane
Transfer the important corner points of your object down to the ground plane. Lightly project vertical lines from each corner to establish where they land on the ground.
Place your horizon line, we'll position it high in this example. The vanishing points for the left and right will sit on this horizon line.
From the front corner of your object on the ground plane, draw lines back to the respective vanishing points. This establishes the object's footprint in perspective.
Building Up the Elevations
Transferring Heights from Elevation Views
Now, refer to your elevation drawings to transfer the object's heights accurately. Take the unforeshortened height from your elevation and apply it to the front corner in your perspective drawing.
From this height, draw lines to the vanishing points to establish the top edges of your object.
For any sloped surfaces, like a roof or ramp, determine where the slope meets the object's sides in your elevation. Transfer these points to your perspective drawing by projecting them back to the vanishing points.
Finalizing the Perspective Drawing
Connect the points you've established to complete the object's form in perspective. Make sure all vertical lines remain vertical, and all lines receding into space align with the appropriate vanishing points.
By following these steps, you can accurately project a complex object into perspective, constructing it methodically from plan and elevation views.
Check out the premium course for additional lessons, demos, assignments and critiques!
